Rootstock
110 RICHTER
Cross Berliandieri x Rupestris: Highly vigorous rootstock, resistant to drought and nematodes, adapts well to deep and compact soils, but poorly to soils with permanent moisture. Its root system is not very deep. Grafting in the field is good and in rich soils, it can be overly vigorous. It is the most used rootstock in Spanish Viticulture due to its great adaptability to different types of soils and climatic conditions.
140 RUGGERI
Cross Berliandieri x Rupestris: Highly vigorous rootstock, not advisable for very fertile soils due to possible shatter in wine grapes. It usually delays grape maturation. Its use has increased in Spain for dry soils with active limestone.
1103 PAULSEN
Cross Berliandieri x Rupestris: Vigorous rootstock with extensive rooting. Promotes rapid development of plantations, allowing for grafting in the same year. Used in poor, dry, and compact soils, although it performs better in fresh or slightly moist soils. Widely used for salinity, but with some difficulty in calcareous soils. It adapts well to grafting.
S.O.4
Cross Riparia x Berlandieri: Highly vigorous rootstock, early production, confers high yield and early maturation to the variety. Widely used for fresh soils. Increasingly used in Spain for its great adaptability to irrigation, which is becoming more common.
41-B
Cross Chasselas x Berlandieri: Medium vigor rootstock with slow rooting and few roots, resulting in slow growth during the first years. It induces early maturation and has very good and stable fruiting. Its drought resistance is medium. It has high grafting compatibility. One of the most used rootstocks in Spain for its great capacity to handle active limestone, up to 40%.
3309-C
Cross Riparia x Rupestris Martin: Medium vigor rootstock that adapts to fresh and rich soils. Low resistance to drought and excess soil moisture. Optimal grafting success in the field, advances maturation. High resistance to phylloxera, and does not cause shatter.
FERCAL
Cross Berlandieri Colombard No. 1 x 31 Richter: Medium-high vigor rootstock, very resistant to active limestone and has a very high field grafting success rate. Tolerates spring moisture conditions quite well and has medium drought resistance. Its tolerance to phylloxera is very high.
RESISTANCE TO LIMITING SOIL FACTORS
| ROOTSTOCK | ACTIVE LIMESTONE (%) | DROUGHT | MOISTURE | SALINITY | NEMATODES | MATURATION |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 110 RICHTER | 17 | VERY HIGH | LOW | LOW | MEDIUM | DELAYED |
| 140 RUGGERI | 30 | VERY HIGH | LOW | MEDIUM | HIGH | DELAYED |
| 1103 PAULSEN | 18 | HIGH | HIGH | VERY HIGH | HIGH | DELAYED |
| SO-4 | 20 | MEDIUM | HIGH | LOW | VERY HIGH | ADVANCES |
| 333-EM | 40 | HIGH | HIGH | LOW | LOW | DELAYED |
| 41-B | 40 | MEDIUM | LOW | LOW | VERY LOW | ADVANCES |
| 161-49 C | 25 | MEDIUM | MEDIUM | LOW | MEDIUM | ADVANCES |
| 420-A | 20 | MEDIUM | MEDIUM | LOW | MEDIUM | ADVANCES |
| 3309-C | 11 | LOW | LOW | LOW | LOW | ADVANCES |
| 196-17 C | 6 | HIGH | HIGH | HIGH | LOW | ADVANCES |
| FERCAL | 45 | MEDIUM | HIGH | LOW | HIGH | ADVANCES |